Outer Circle - Circle of Fifths - Clockwise
Starting with C and moving clockwise we get the 12 notes of the chromatic scale separated from each other by a perfect fifth:
| Scale |
C |
G |
D |
A |
E |
B/Cb |
F#/Gb |
C#/Db |
Ab |
Eb |
Bb |
F |
| Number of sharps/flats |
0 |
1# |
2# |
3# |
4# |
5#/7b |
6#/6b |
7#/5b |
4b |
3b |
2b |
1b |
List of Sharps
Notice that the C major scale has not sharps. When moving clockwise around the circle of fifths, you see that each subsequent scale adds a sharp.
G major contains 1 sharp (F#), D major has two sharps (F# - C#), etc.
You can also see that each next scale contains the same sharps as the previous one.
| Keys |
Number of Sharps |
Notes |
| C |
0 |
---- |
| G |
1 |
F# |
| D |
2 |
F# - C# |
| A |
3 |
F# - C# - G# |
| E |
4 |
F# - C# - G# - D# |
| B |
5 |
F# - C# - G# - D# - A# |
| F# |
6 |
F# - C# - G# - D# - A# - E# |
| C# |
7 |
F# - C# - G# - D# - A# - E# - B# |
Outer Circle - Circle of Fourths - Counterclockwise
Starting with C and moving counterclockwise we get the 12 notes of the chromatic scale separated from each other by a perfect fourth:
| Scale |
C |
F |
Bb |
Eb |
Ab |
Db/C# |
Gb/F# |
Cb/B |
E |
A |
D |
G |
| Number of sharps/flats |
0 |
1b |
2b |
3b |
4b |
5b/7# |
6b/6# |
7b/5# |
4# |
3# |
2# |
1# |
List of Flats
By moving counterclockwise following the circle of fourths you get a serie of flats, once again you see that each subsequent scale adds a flat.
F major contains one flat, Bb contains two flats, etc.
| Keys |
Number of Flats |
Notes |
| C |
0 |
--- |
| F |
1 |
Bb |
| Bb |
2 |
Bb - Eb |
| Eb |
3 |
Bb - Eb - Ab |
| Ab |
4 |
Bb - Eb - Ab - Db |
| Db |
5 |
Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb |
| Gb |
6 |
Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb - Cb |
| Cb |
7 |
Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb - Cb - Fb |
Here is a short guitar exercise with a free PDF for playing major 9 arpeggios following the cycle of fourths.
Enharmonic Notes
As you can see at the bottom of the circle, some notes can have two different names in order to with the naming convention of the major scale.
- Db is the enharmonic equivalent of C#
- Gb is the enharmonic equivalent of F#.
- Cb is the enharmonic equivalent of B.