The Tritone Chord Substitution - Guitar Lesson

The Tritone Substitution - Guitar Lesson With Theory and Tabs

By Stef Ramin On 2017-04-13 Updated on 2024-04-07 2

The tritone substitution sometimes referred to as dominant chord substitution is one of the most popular harmonic technique found in jazz and other styles of music.

It involves replacing a dominant seventh chord with another dominant seventh chord located a tritone (or augmented fourth) away from the original chord's root.

What's The Tritone Substitution?

It consists in replacing a dom7 chord by another dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone away from this initial chord. Example with G7 (V), which can be replaced by Db7 which is a tritone (three whole-steps) away from G7

Thus giving two chords that have two notes in common. The 7th of G7 (F) is the third of Db7 and the third of G7 (B) is the seventh of Db7.

The inversion of the 3rds and the 7ths between the original dominant chord (V) and the substituted dominant chord (bII7) is the main feature of the tritone substitution.

Tritone Substitution Over II-V-I

Here are some examples of tritone substitutions with a II-V-I progression : Dm7 | G7 | Cmaj7. The bII7 chord (Db7) can be in place of the G7, thus giving Dm7 | Db7 | Cmaj7.

This is an intense sound, because with this kind of substitution, the root of the chord is chromatic. With this kind of substitution we also get a bass line of notes descending by half steps (D to Db to C).

This kind of downward trajectory emulates a gravitational pull towards the tonic chord. It is a desirable and featured sound in jazz.

Dm7	G7	CMaj7
II	V	I
Dm7	Db7	Cmaj7
II	bII7	I

Example 1 :

Dm11 in place of the basic Dm7, Db7 (tritone sub) and Cmaj7.

The most common example of a tritone substitution is to substitute the V7 chord in a major key (it can also occur in a minor).

The following chart shows you the tritone subs related to the V of II-V-I progressions in all keys.

Key	II	V (tritone)	I
C	Dm⁷	G⁷ (D^b7)	C
D^b	E^bm⁷	A^b7 (D⁷)	D^b
D	Em⁷	A⁷ (E^b7)	D
E^b	Fm⁷	B^b7 (E⁷)	E^b
E	F^#m⁷	B⁷ (F⁷)	E
F	Gm⁷	C⁷ (G^b7)	F
G^b	A^bm⁷	D^b7 (G⁷)	G^b
G	Am⁷	D⁷ (A^b7)	G
A^b	B^bm⁷	E^b7 (A⁷)	A^b
A	Bm⁷	E⁷ (B^b7)	A
B^b	Cm⁷	F⁷ (B⁷)	B^b
B	C^#m⁷	F^#7 (C⁷)	B

Tritone Substitution Over I-vi-ii-V (turnaround)

The I-vi-ii-V (pronounce one-six-two-five) chord progression is one of the most common chord sequences found in jazz.

Many jazz standards use the I-vi-ii-V progression and very often as a turnaround (Remember that a turnaround is a short chord progression which brings you back to the beginning of a piece).

Here are three examples. The first contains the basic chords of a turnaround in the key of C. These chords (drop 2 and drop 3 voicings) are Cmaj7 (I), Am7 (iv), Dm7 (ii) and G7 (V).

Sometimes the bII7 chord can be altered with the flat fifth provided that it resolves.

It is a common trick when you want to spice up the tritone substitution. Just play a Db7b5 chord (bII7b5) in place of the original dominant 7th chord (G7).

This way it is closer than the original chord. As it is shown in the chart below the V (G7) and the bII7b5 (Db7b5) have three notes in common (G, B and F).

G7	G	B	D	F
Formula	1	3	5	b7
Db7b5	Db	F	G	B
Formula	1	3	b5	b7

Now try to lower the fifth of G7 (D becomes Db) and you'll see that Db7b5 and G7b5 are made up of the same tones.

This is the principle of the symmetry, meaning that you can replace G7 with G7b5. This could give some new possibilities to enrich a harmonic progression.

G7	G	B	Db	F
Formula	1	3	b5	b7
Db7b5	Db	F	G (Abb)	B
Formula	1	3	b5	b7

Here are two examples, based on the previous I-vi-ii-V sequence, with two G7b5 voicings. You can take a look at the page about drop 2 dominant flat five voicings to learn different positions on the guitar neck.

Rhythm Changes (bridge)

You can also apply the previous harmonic tricks to the bridge (circle of dominants) of the famous 32 bars referred as rhythm changes. In the key of Bb bridge is D7 G7 C7 F7.

After applying the tritone substitution on the the seconds and fourth chord, it can becomes D7 | Db7 | C7 | B7 or D7 | Db7 | C7 | B7 or even D7 | Db7b5 | C7 | B7b5.

You can also apply the tritone substitution on the first and the third chord, it gives D7 | Ab7 | C7 | Gb7 or D7 | Ab7b5 | C7 | Gb7b5. Of course there are many opportunities.

Example 1

with drop 2 voicings

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Comments

1 stuart remmington On 07/04/2024

Very well explained thanks. Love this website.

jazz-guitar-licks On 07/04/2024

Thanks a lot for the kind words.
Stef